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1. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture,adjusting to New World circumstances.
【分析】简单句。句子主干是we may consider the original Puritans as carriers ... 。 in keeping with...life 为介词短语作目的状语;adjusting to New World circumstances为现在分词短语作carriers的后置定语。
【译文】但是，为了与我们对南部学术界的研究保持一致，我们可以把最初的清教徒当作适应新大陆环境的欧洲文化的传播者。
【拓展】l)in keeping with意为“符合，与…相一致，与…协调”。2)adjust to意为”适应，调节”。
2. Thus pool countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education.
【分析】复合句。此句运用了双重否定，主干是 pool countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps ...。介词短语without political changes...作条件状语，其中that引导的定语从句，修饰changes。
【译文】因此，贫穷国家不改变政治情况也许就不可能摆脱贫困状态，这种政治变革只有在更广泛的正规教育下才能发生。
【拓展】poverty trap是固定词组，意为“贫困陷阱”，指领取政府救济的人若要增加收入就不得不放弃某些救济款项的境况。
3. But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents.
【分析】复合句。主句是主系表结构，as if引导表语从句。在表语从句中，主语是earlier times，隐含的是the people in earlier times;谓语是didn’t know;宾语是三个并列的名词及名词短语。
【译文】但这不是说以前的时代没有经历过连续不断的战争、灾难和滥杀无辜。
4. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.
【分析】多重复合句。本句中含有三个从句。首先, that引导的表语从句;其次是which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词changes;最后是由because引导的原因状语从句。
【译文】这个想法认为人们无法测定海洋中的大规模变化，因为他们仅仅考虑了一段相对较近的历史。
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